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Present simple vs present continuous: přítomný čas prostý a průběhový

Čeština má jediný přítomný čas, angličtina dva. Proto Češi říkají I'm not understanding nebo Look, it snows! Tady je rozdíl mezi I work a I'm working, jak se oba časy tvoří, slovesa, která -ing nemají, nejčastější chyby a 107 cvičení s okamžitou kontrolou.

Czech has one present tense; English has two. That's why Czech speakers say I'm not understanding or Look, it snows! Here is the difference between I work and I'm working, how to form both tenses, verbs that take no -ing, the typical mistakes and 107 self-checking exercises.

A2107 cvičení s kontrolouVýklad česky i anglickyZdarma
Výklad:Explanation:
Věty ke cvičení jsou vždy anglicky.Practice sentences are always in English.

Jak se tvoří present simple a present continuousHow to form the present simple and the present continuous

kdosubjectshe
+
am / is / areis
+
sloveso + ingverb + ingreading

Present continuous má vždy dvě části: am / is / are a sloveso s -ing. Present simple má jen sloveso; ve 3. osobě (he, she, it) přidá -s a v otázce a záporu potřebuje do / does.

The present continuous always has two parts: am / is / are and the verb with -ing. The present simple is just the verb; with he, she, it it adds -s, and questions and negatives need do / does.

Present simplePresent continuous
kladná větapositiveI / you / we / they work
he / she / it works		I am working
he / she / it is working
you / we / they are working
zkráceněshort form—I'm working, she's working, they're working
zápornegativeI don't work
she doesn't work		I'm not working
she isn't working
otázkaquestionDo you work…?
Does she work…?		Are you working…?
Is she working…?
krátká odpověďshort answerYes, I do. / No, she doesn't.Yes, I am. / No, she isn't.

Pravopis: jak přidat -ingSpelling: how to add -ing

pravidlorulepříkladyexamples
většina sloves: + ingmost verbs: + ingread → reading, play → playing, cook → cooking
němé -e odpadnesilent -e dropsmake → making, write → writing, dance → dancing
krátké sloveso: souhláska se zdvojíshort verb: double the consonantsit → sitting, run → running, swim → swimming, stop → stopping
-ie → -ying-ie → -yinglie → lying, die → dying

Kdy použít present simple a kdy present continuousWhen to use the present simple and when the present continuous

Zvyk × právě teďHabit × right now

I usually walk to school, but today I'm taking the bus.
Co děláš obvykle, a co děláš dnes.What you usually do, and what you're doing today.

Platí vždy × děje se teďAlways true × happening now

Water boils at 100 °C. — The water is boiling, turn it off!
Obecná pravda, a co vidíš právě teď.A general fact, and what you see right now.

Práce a domov × jen na chvíliJob and home × just for now

I live in Brno. — I'm staying with my grandma this month.
Viz další část.See the next part.

Co se měníThings that are changing

It's getting dark. Your English is getting better.
Postupná změna má -ing.A slow change takes -ing.

Present simple

Jak často, obvykle, pořád.How often, usually, always.

alwaysusuallyoftensometimesneverevery dayon Mondaysonce a week

She plays tennis on Mondays.

Present continuous

Teď, právě, jen na chvíli.Now, at this moment, for a short time.

nowright nowat the momenttodaythis weekthese daysLook!Listen!

She's playing tennis now.

Pozor: tahle slova jsou jen nápověda, ne pravidlo. Rozhoduje, co chceš říct: Where's Tom? — He's sleeping. žádné now nemá.

Careful: these words are only a hint, not a rule. What matters is what you mean: Where's Tom? — He's sleeping. has no now.

Trvale, nebo jen teď? I live × I'm livingAlways or just for now? I live × I'm living

Present continuous není jen pro tuhle vteřinu. Používá se i pro věci, které platí jen na chvíli: this week, this month, this summer. Kde bydlíš a kde pracuješ natrvalo, je present simple.

The present continuous is not only for this second. It's also for things that are true for a short time: this week, this month, this summer. Where you live and work for good is the present simple.

What do you do?

Na co se ptá: na práci.What it asks: your job.

— I'm a teacher.

What are you doing?

Na co se ptá: co děláš právě teď.What it asks: what you're doing now.

— I'm cooking dinner.

Česky jeden tvar, anglicky dva časyOne Czech form, two English tenses

„Pracuju“, „hraju“ i „děláš“ můžou česky znamenat zvyk i to, co se děje teď. Česká věta čas neprozradí. Než ji přeložíš, zeptej se: je to zvyk nebo práce (present simple), nebo se to děje teď či jen na chvíli (present continuous)?

Czech „pracuju“, „hraju“ or „děláš“ can mean a habit or what is happening now. A Czech sentence doesn't show the tense. Before you translate, ask: is it a habit or a job (present simple), or is it happening now or just for a while (present continuous)?

českyCzechanglickyEnglish
Pracuju v bance.I work in a bank. (stálá prácejob)
Teď nemůžu, pracuju.I can't now, I'm working.
Tento týden pracuju z domova.This week I'm working from home.
Každou sobotu hraju tenis.I play tennis every Saturday. (zvykhabit)
Teď nemůžu, hraju tenis.I can't now, I'm playing tennis.
Co děláš? (za práci)What do you do? (prácejob)
Co děláš? (právě teď)What are you doing?

Stavová slovesa: kdy -ing nepoužítStative verbs: when not to use -ing

Některá slovesa neříkají, co děláš, ale co víš, chceš nebo cítíš. Ta zůstávají v present simple, i když jde o právě teď: I {ps('know')}, ne I{APO}m knowing.

Some verbs don't say what you do, but what you know, want or feel. They stay in the present simple even right now: I {ps('know')}, not I{APO}m knowing.

knowunderstandwantneedlikelovehatepreferrememberbelievemean
think

I think it's a good idea. — myslím si (názor)my opinion
I'm thinking about it. — přemýšlím (činnost)using my head

have

I have two sisters. — mám (vlastním)own
We're having lunch. — obědváme (činnost)eating

Nejčastější chyby Čechů v přítomném časeTypical Czech mistakes in the present tense

-ing u trvalé věci-ing for something permanent
  • My dad is speaking German. → My dad speaks German.
  • We are going to school every day. → We go to school every day.
-ing u stavového slovesa-ing with a stative verb
  • I'm not understanding. → I don't understand.
  • He is needing help. → He needs help.
Bez -ing u toho, co se děje teďNo -ing for what's happening now
  • Look, it snows! → Look, it's snowing!
  • Be quiet, the baby sleeps. → … the baby is sleeping.
Chybí am / is / are, nebo se míchá s doMissing am / is / are, or mixed with do
  • She cooking dinner. → She is cooking dinner.
  • Do you are tired? → Are you tired?

Doplň e-mail: present simple, nebo present continuousComplete the email: present simple or present continuous

Závěrečný test: present simple × present continuousFinal test: present simple vs present continuous

Všechna cvičení s řešením

Klíč ke všem 107 úlohám na stránce. Když chceš cvičit, řešení si otevři až potom.

Jak se píše -ing · 10
  1. I'm making (make) a cake for Dad.
  2. She's sitting (sit) next to the window.
  3. They're swimming (swim) in the lake.
  4. He's writing (write) a message to his mum.
  5. We're having (have) lunch in the garden.
  6. The dog is lying (lie) on the sofa.
  7. Why are you running (run)?
  8. I'm studying (study) for a test.
  9. The bus is stopping (stop) here.
  10. Is she dancing (dance) with Tom?
Am, is, nebo are? · 10
  1. I am waiting for you outside.
  2. My friends are playing cards.
  3. It is getting late.
  4. You are standing on my foot!
  5. Mum is talking to our neighbour.
  6. We are watching a film.
  7. The cat is sleeping on my bed.
  8. I am not listening, sorry.
  9. What are you reading?
  10. Paul and Jana are cooking together.
Obvykle, nebo právě teď? · 15
  1. Hurry up! Everybody is waiting for you.
  2. My brother works in a hotel every summer.
  3. We eat pizza every Friday evening.
  4. Listen! Somebody is playing the piano.
  5. How often do you visit your grandparents?
  6. Don't call Jan now. He is driving.
  7. The shop closes at six on Saturdays.
  8. Why are you wearing that big coat? It's hot today!
  9. I usually go to work by train. It's fast.
  10. Can you turn the music down? I am trying to sleep.
  11. My uncle reads the newspaper every morning.
  12. Where's Lucy? — She is doing her homework in her room.
  13. Cats sleep a lot during the day.
  14. I am not watching TV right now. I'm reading.
  15. Petra never drinks coffee.
Jak často, nebo teď? · 14
  1. how often — every morning, once a week, always, often, never, every weekend, usually
  2. now / for a short time — at the moment, right now, today, this month, now, this week, this summer
Trvale, nebo jen teď? · 8
  1. What do you do? — I'm a nurse. I work in a hospital.
  2. What are you doing? — I'm looking for my keys.
  3. In Czechia, people speak Czech.
  4. I am working at a summer camp this July. It's only for four weeks.
  5. Our teacher is ill, so Mr Novák is teaching us this week.
  6. Food is getting more and more expensive.
  7. Jana usually drives to work.
  8. The weather is getting warmer. Spring is here!
Stav, nebo činnost? · 10
  1. I know what you mean.
  2. I don't understand you. Can you speak more slowly?
  3. My little brother loves chocolate.
  4. We need more chairs for the party.
  5. Tom has a lot of friends.
  6. Tom is having a great time at the party.
  7. What do you think about the new teacher?
  8. Quiet, please. I am thinking about what to cook.
  9. Do you prefer tea or coffee?
  10. I remember my first day at school very well.
Slož větu · 8
  1. Are you listening to me? Posloucháš mě?
  2. She doesn't work here. Tady nepracuje.
  3. What are you cooking? Co (právě) vaříš?
  4. I am not wearing a coat. Nemám na sobě kabát.
  5. Does your brother play football? Hraje tvůj brácha fotbal?
  6. We are waiting for a taxi. Čekáme na taxi.
  7. What time do you get up? V kolik vstáváš?
  8. I don't know the answer. Neznám odpověď.
Správně, nebo špatně? · 12
  1. She is speaking three languages. → She speaks three languages.
  2. I am not knowing his phone number. → I don't know his phone number.
  3. Look! The children are dancing. ✓
  4. She doesn't eat fish. ✓
  5. What are you doing? — I'm a doctor. → What do you do? — I'm a doctor.
  6. I watching a film now. → I'm watching a film now.
  7. He is usually going to bed late. → He usually goes to bed late.
  8. Do you like your new job? ✓
  9. Listen! Somebody sings. → Listen! Somebody is singing.
  10. We are having a new car. → We have a new car.
  11. Are you enjoying the party? ✓
  12. Is she work today? → Is she working today?
E-mail z Londýna · 5
  1. Hi Martina,
  2. Greetings from London! I am staying (stay) with my aunt for two weeks. She has (have) a small flat near the river.
  3. Every morning we have (have) breakfast in a café, and then my aunt goes (go) to work. I usually walk (walk) around the city.
  4. Right now I am sitting (sit) in a park and I am writing (write) this email on my phone. It is raining (rain) a bit, but I like (like) it here.
  5. People here speak (speak) very fast, and I don't understand (not understand) everything.
  6. What are you reading (read) at the moment? Write soon!
  7. Love, Klára
Závěrečný test · 15
  1. Where are you going now? — To the bank.
  2. My parents never watch TV in the morning.
  3. Do you know his name?
  4. She is wearing a red dress today.
  5. I want a sandwich, please.
  6. The train leaves at 7:30 every morning.
  7. Can I call you back? I am having a shower.
  8. Lenka speaks English and German.
  9. Look! That man is taking our car!
  10. We are looking for a new flat at the moment.
  11. Do you speak English? — Yes, a little.
  12. I love this song! Play it again.
  13. Look at Eva. Why is she laughing?
  14. My brother never eats fish. He hates it.
  15. This month I am helping on my uncle's farm.

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Present simple a present continuous — časté otázky

Jaký je rozdíl mezi present simple a present continuous?

Present simple (I work) je pro zvyky, práci a věci, které platí pořád: I work in a bank. She gets up at seven. Present continuous (I'm working) je pro to, co se děje právě teď nebo jen na chvíli: I'm working now. I'm working from home this week. Česky je obojí „pracuju“.

Jak se tvoří present continuous?

am / is / are + sloveso s -ing: I am reading, she is reading, they are reading. Zápor: I'm not reading, she isn't reading. Otázka: Are you reading? Is she reading? Pozor na pravopis: make → making, sit → sitting, lie → lying.

Která slovesa nemají v průběhovém čase -ing?

Stavová slovesa — říkají, co víš, chceš nebo cítíš, ne co děláš: know, understand, want, need, like, love, hate, prefer, remember, believe, mean. Proto I don't understand, ne I'm not understanding, i když jde o právě teď.

Jaký je rozdíl mezi What do you do a What are you doing?

What do you do? se ptá na práci: — I'm a teacher. What are you doing? se ptá, co děláš právě teď: — I'm cooking. Česky je to v obou případech „Co děláš?“.

Proč se říká I think, ale i I'm thinking?

think má dva významy. I think it's good = myslím si, je to názor (bez -ing). I'm thinking about it = přemýšlím, je to činnost (s -ing). Stejně have: I have a dog (mám) × I'm having lunch (obědvám).

Je „I'm loving it“ chyba?

Podle pravidla ano — love je stavové sloveso, takže správně je I love it. Reklama ho porušuje schválně, aby zněla neobvykle. V běžné řeči rodilí mluvčí I'm loving… občas řeknou, ale v testu a v psaní používej I love it.

Musí být u present continuous vždy now?

Ne. now, at the moment nebo Look! pomáhají, ale rozhoduje situace. Where's Tom? — He's sleeping. žádné now nemá. A naopak this week nebo these days znamená, že to platí jen na chvíli, i když to zrovna v tu vteřinu neděláš.

Jak se česky jmenuje present simple a present continuous?

Přítomný čas prostý (present simple) a přítomný čas průběhový (present continuous, někdy „present progressive“). Čeština má jediný přítomný čas, proto Češi tyhle dva časy pletou.

Další lekce angličtiny

Otázky v present simple

Do, nebo does, slovosled a krátké odpovědi.

Does she work here?Otevřít →

Past simple × past continuous

Totéž v minulém čase: I cooked, nebo I was cooking?

I was cooking when the phone rang.Otevřít →

Present perfect

Předpřítomný čas: I have lived here since 2020.

I've lived here since 2020.Otevřít →

Další lekce angličtiny

Všechny lekce angličtiny →
Předložky

In, on, at

on the bus · at night

Předložky místa a času, on the bus × in the car a at Christmas × on Christmas Day.

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Přítomný čas

Otázky v present simple

Does she work here?

Do, nebo does, slovosled, tázací slova a krátké odpovědi: Yes, I do.

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Předpřítomný čas

Present perfect

I have lived here since 2020.

Kdy present perfect a kdy past simple, for × since a proč ne „I live here since…“.

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