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Present simple (přítomný čas prostý): he works, she doesn't work

Present simple, česky přítomný čas prostý, je první anglický čas, který se člověk učí — a Češi v něm dělají pořád stejné chyby: He work, She don't like, I go always. Tady je přehled tvarů, kdy se přidává -s a -es, jak se tvoří zápor, signální slova jako always a never, kdy se čas používá a 127 cvičení s okamžitou kontrolou.

The present simple is the first English tense people learn — and learners keep making the same mistakes: He work, She don't like, I go always. Here is an overview of the forms, when to add -s and -es, how to make the negative, time expressions like always and never, when to use the tense, and 117 self-checking exercises.

A1127 cvičení s kontrolou117 self-checking exercisesVýklad česky i anglickyExplanation in EnglishZdarmaFree
Výklad:Explanation:
Věty ke cvičení jsou vždy anglicky.Practice sentences are always in English.

Present simple — přehled tvarůPresent simple — overview of the forms

Celý přítomný čas prostý na jednom místě: kladná věta, zápor a otázka pro všechny osoby, na slovese play (hrát).

The whole present simple in one place: positive, negative and question for every person, with the verb play.

osobapersonkladná větapositivezápornegativeotázkaquestion
II playI don't playDo I play?
youyou playyou don't playDo you play?
he / she / itshe playsshe doesn't playDoes she play?
wewe playwe don't playDo we play?
theythey playthey don't playDo they play?

Jediný tvar, který se liší, je he / she / it: v kladné větě -s, v záporu doesn't, v otázce does. Otázkám se podrobně věnuje stránka otázky v present simple.

The only form that changes is he / she / it: -s in the positive, doesn't in the negative, does in questions. Questions have their own page: present simple questions.

Jak se tvoří present simple: I work, she worksHow to form the present simple: I work, she works

Present simple je jen sloveso — žádné am / is / are před ním. Mění se jediná věc: u he, she, it a u jedné osoby nebo věci přibude -s. Česky se tvar mění u každé osoby (pracuju, pracuješ, pracuje…), anglicky jen tady.

The present simple is just the verb — no am / is / are in front of it. Only one thing changes: with he, she, it and one person or thing it takes -s. Many languages change the verb for every person; English changes it only here.

kdosubjectkladná větapositivezápornegative
I / you / we / theyI cookI don't cook
he / she / itshe cooksshe doesn't cook
víc lidípluralmy parents cookmy parents don't cook
jedna osobaone personmy uncle cooksmy uncle doesn't cook
Víc lidí = bez -sMore people = no -s

my parents, people, the children, Tom and Eva jsou množné číslo: My parents love jazz.my parents, people, the children, Tom and Eva are plural: My parents love jazz.

Po can nikdy -sNever -s after can

She can drive. — ne She can drives. Ani can samo -s nemá.She can drive. — not She can drives. And can itself has no -s.

Kdy se přidává -s a -es: 3. osoba jednotného číslaWhen to add -s and -es: the third person singular

Ve 3. osobě jednotného čísla (he, she, it) dostane sloveso -s. Jestli se píše -s, -es, nebo -ies, záleží na tom, jak sloveso končí:

In the third person singular (he, she, it) the verb takes -s. Whether you write -s, -es or -ies depends on how the verb ends:

pravidlorulepříkladyexamples
většina sloves: + smost verbs: + swork → works, read → reads, swim → swims
-ch, -sh, -s, -x, -o: + es-ch, -sh, -s, -x, -o: + esteach → teaches, push → pushes, kiss → kisses, mix → mixes, go → goes
souhláska + y → iesconsonant + y → iescarry → carries, fly → flies
samohláska + y: jen + svowel + y: just + sbuy → buys, stay → stays
nepravidelnéirregularhave → has

Have, do, go a be: nepravidelné tvary v přítomném časeHave, do, go and be: irregular present forms

Většina sloves je v přítomném čase pravidelná. Výjimky jsou jen čtyři a patří k nejčastějším slovesům vůbec. Jejich minulé tvary (had, did, went, was) najdeš v přehledu nepravidelných sloves.

Most verbs are regular in the present. There are only four exceptions, and they are among the most common verbs. Their past forms (had, did, went, was) are in the irregular verbs list.

slovesoverbhe / she / itzápornegative
haveI have → she hasshe doesn't have
doI do → she doesshe doesn't do
goI go → she goesshe doesn't go
beI am, you are → she isshe isn't
canI can → she can (bez -sno -s)she can't

Zápor v present simple: don't a doesn'tThe present simple negative: don't and doesn't

Zápor má dvě části: don't / doesn't a sloveso v základním tvaru. Koncové -s se přestěhuje do doesn't, takže sloveso za ním je holé: she likes → she doesn't like, he has → he doesn't have.

The negative has two parts: don't / doesn't and the base verb. The -s moves into doesn't, so the verb after it is bare: she likes → she doesn't like, he has → he doesn't have.

I / you / we / they → don'the / she / it → doesn'tdlouzelong form do not / does not

Zápor se slovesy be a can: I'm not, I can't — ne I don't beThe negative with be and can: I'm not, I can't — not I don't be

Sloveso be (am / is / are) a can si zápor udělají samy, bez don't. Ostatní slovesa naopak bez don't / doesn't zápor neudělají — samotné not nestačí. Celé časování najdeš u slovesa to be.

The verbs be (am / is / are) and can make their own negative, without don't. All other verbs need don't / doesn't — not alone is not enough. The full forms are on the verb to be page.

správněcorrectchybamistake
beI'm not ready. She isn't at home.I don't be ready.
canHe can't swim.He doesn't can swim.
ostatní slovesaother verbsI don't know.I not know.

Časové výrazy v present simple (signální slova)Present simple time expressions (signal words)

Present simple často prozradí slovo, které říká, jak často se něco děje. Příslovce always … never stojí uvnitř věty, delší výrazy jako every day nebo on Mondays na konci.

The present simple often comes with a word that says how often something happens. Adverbs always … never go inside the sentence; longer phrases like every day or on Mondays go at the end.

výrazexpressiončeskykam ve větěpositionpříkladexample
alwaysvždyckypřed slovesembefore the verbLena always locks the door.
usuallyobvyklepřed slovesembefore the verbThe kids usually walk home.
oftenčastopřed slovesembefore the verbDad often works late.
sometimesněkdypřed slovesembefore the verbI sometimes forget my keys.
nevernikdypřed slovesembefore the verbMy cat never goes outside.
every daykaždý denna konciat the endTom feeds the fish every day.
every weekkaždý týdenna konciat the endWe clean the flat every week.
on Mondaysv pondělí (každé)na konciat the endI have piano lessons on Mondays.
in the morningránona konciat the endHe reads the news in the morning.
at the weekendo víkenduna konciat the endThey visit their aunt at the weekend.
once a weekjednou týdněna konciat the endI call my grandma once a week.
twice a monthdvakrát měsíčněna konciat the endWe eat out twice a month.

Pozor: signální slova jsou jen nápověda. Now, at the moment, Look! naopak ukazují na present continuous.

Careful: signal words are only a hint. Now, at the moment, Look! point to the present continuous instead.

Kam patří always, usually, often, sometimes a never ve větěWhere always, usually, often, sometimes and never go

always vždycky100 %usually obvykle~80 %often často~60 %sometimes někdy~30 %never nikdy0 %
Před hlavní slovesoBefore the main verb

I usually take the bus. He never drinks cola.
Ne I walk usually, ne I go always.Not I walk usually, not I go always.

Za am / is / areAfter am / is / are

She is never late. We are often busy.
U be je to obráceně.With be it's the other way round.

Na konec větyAt the end

I swim every day. We play cards on Mondays. She calls me twice a week.

never bez dalšího záporuwith no other negative

Česky „nikdy nezpívá“, anglicky jen He never sings — ne He doesn't never sing.English never uses a double negative: He never sings — not He doesn't never sing.

Kdy se používá present simpleWhen to use the present simple

Zvyky a co děláš pravidelněHabits and routines

I have a shower every morning. We go swimming on Sundays.

Co platí pořádThings that are always true

Cows eat grass. Brno is in Moravia.

Jízdní řády a rozvrhyTimetables and schedules

The bus leaves at 8:15. School starts at eight.

Present simple vs present continuousPresent simple vs present continuous

Čeština má jeden přítomný čas, angličtina dva. Present simple je pro zvyky a to, co platí pořád; present continuous (am / is / are + -ing) pro to, co se děje právě teď.

English has two present tenses. The present simple is for habits and things that are always true; the present continuous (am / is / are + -ing) is for what is happening right now.

Present simplePresent continuous
Grandpa bakes bread on Saturdays.Grandpa is baking bread right now.
zvyk, pravidelněhabit, regularlyteď, právěnow, at the moment

Rozdíl, stavová slovesa (know, like, want) a cvičení na oba časy jsou na stránce present simple vs present continuous.

The difference, stative verbs (know, like, want) and exercises on both tenses are on the present simple vs present continuous page.

Otázky v present simple: Do you…? Does she…?Present simple questions: Do you…? Does she…?

Otázka potřebuje do nebo does před podmětem a sloveso je zase bez -s: She plays. → Does she play? Slovosled, tázací slova (where, when, how often) a krátké odpovědi procvičíš na stránce otázky v present simple.

A question needs do or does before the subject, and the verb again has no -s: She plays. → Does she play? Word order, question words (where, when, how often) and short answers are on the present simple questions page.

Present simple v překladu: z češtiny do angličtinyPresent simple in translation: from Czech into English

Česká věta neprozradí, jestli potřebuješ -s nebo doesn't. Než ji přeložíš, zeptej se: kdo to dělá? Je tam be nebo can? A kam patří slovo jako vždycky?

A Czech sentence doesn't tell you whether you need -s or doesn't. Before you translate, ask: who does it? Is there be or can? And where does a word like always go?

českyCzechanglickyEnglish
Pracuje v nemocnici.She works in a hospital.
Nemá ráda mléko.She doesn't like milk.
Nejsem doma.I'm not at home.
Obvykle vstávám v šest.I usually get up at six.
Nikdy nemá zpoždění.He is never late.

Nejčastější chyby Čechů v present simpleCommon mistakes in the present simple

Chybí -s, nebo je navícMissing -s, or an extra one
  • He work in a shop. → He works in a shop.
  • She doesn't likes it. → She doesn't like it.
  • He haves a dog. → He has a dog.
Don't místo doesn'tDon't instead of doesn't
  • She don't like rain. → She doesn't like rain.
am / is / are navíc, nebo chybí don'tAn extra am / is / are, or no don't
  • I am play in a band. → I play in a band.
  • I not speak German. → I don't speak German.
Always na špatném místěAlways in the wrong place
  • I go always by bus. → I always go by bus.
  • She never is late. → She is never late.

Present simple cvičení: závěrečný testPresent simple exercises: final test

Present simple — cvičení s řešenímPresent simple — answer key

Klíč ke všem 127 úlohám na stránce. Když chceš cvičit, řešení si otevři až potom.

Answers to all 117 exercises on this page. If you want to practise, open them only afterwards.

Play, nebo plays?Play or plays? · 12
  1. play — my parents, the children, people in Spain, you and Tom, we, her brothers
  2. plays — Anna, our cat, my best friend, the teacher, my grandma, it
Se -s, nebo bez?With -s or without? · 12
  1. Tom brushes his teeth twice a day.
  2. My parents take long walks on Sundays.
  3. Our dog barks at the postman.
  4. The children have lunch at school.
  5. Eva eats a lot of fruit.
  6. People in Italy eat a lot of pasta.
  7. My grandpa waters his garden every evening.
  8. We meet our friends on Saturdays.
  9. Lucy can play the guitar.
  10. The bakery opens at six.
  11. My brother can cook really well.
  12. It rains a lot here in November.
Pravopis: -s, -es, -iesSpelling: -s, -es, -ies · 10
  1. My sister watches (watch) cartoons on Sunday morning.
  2. Dad fixes (fix) everything in our house.
  3. Martin studies (study) English at school.
  4. The baby cries (cry) when she is hungry.
  5. Grandma catches (catch) the early train on Fridays.
  6. Jan does (do) his homework after lunch.
  7. Our teacher has (have) a red bike.
  8. Petr often misses (miss) the bus.
  9. Mum usually washes (wash) the dishes after dinner.
  10. My friend plays (play) tennis twice a week.
Don't, nebo doesn't?Don't or doesn't? · 10
  1. My cat doesn't like water.
  2. I don't eat spicy food.
  3. Our teacher doesn't give a lot of homework.
  4. We don't wear uniforms at school.
  5. Mark doesn't drink coffee in the evening.
  6. My grandparents don't use the internet.
  7. It doesn't snow much here in winter.
  8. You don't need a ticket for the park.
  9. This bus doesn't go to the airport.
  10. Tereza and I don't watch horror films.
Udělej záporMake it negative · 10
  1. Jana drinks milk. → Jana doesn't drink milk.
  2. They play football on Mondays. → They don't play football on Mondays.
  3. Grandpa sings in the bath. → Grandpa doesn't sing in the bath.
  4. The baby sleeps at night. → The baby doesn't sleep at night.
  5. I take the tram to school. → I don't take the tram to school.
  6. Kate has a sister. → Kate doesn't have a sister.
  7. Tom goes to the gym. → Tom doesn't go to the gym.
  8. We eat breakfast at home. → We don't eat breakfast at home.
  9. The museum closes at five. → The museum doesn't close at five.
  10. My sister studies on Sundays. → My sister doesn't study on Sundays.
Be a can zápor dělají samyBe and can make their own negative · 10
  1. I am not hungry, thanks.
  2. I don't know the way to the station.
  3. My brother isn't tall.
  4. My brother doesn't like sport.
  5. We aren't at home on Saturdays.
  6. We don't go out on weekdays.
  7. Grandpa can't drive at night.
  8. My little sister can't ride a bike.
  9. The soup isn't hot enough.
  10. This old phone doesn't work.
Kam patří always, usually, never?Where do always, usually, never go? · 10
  1. My dad always drinks coffee at breakfast.
  2. Our bus is usually on time.
  3. We often have soup for lunch.
  4. I am always tired after work.
  5. Petr sometimes rides his bike to school.
  6. My grandparents are usually at home in the evening.
  7. Anna never eats meat.
  8. The kids are always happy at the weekend.
  9. I often listen to music on the train.
  10. It is often cold in January.
Slož větuBuild the sentence · 10
  1. I usually have tea for breakfast. Ke snídani mám obvykle čaj.
  2. My sister never eats sweets. Moje sestra nikdy nejí sladkosti.
  3. Our teacher is always very kind. Naše učitelka je vždycky moc milá.
  4. He often plays computer games. Často hraje počítačové hry.
  5. My parents never eat fast food. Rodiče nikdy nejedí fast food.
  6. Our son doesn't like vegetables. Náš syn nemá rád zeleninu.
  7. My grandma can't use a computer. Babička neumí pracovat s počítačem.
  8. I am often hungry at school. Ve škole mám často hlad.
  9. Tom always does his homework. Tom vždycky dělá úkoly.
  10. I don't understand the question. Nerozumím otázce.
Fakta a jízdní řádyFacts and timetables · 8
  1. The sun rises (rise) in the east.
  2. Bees make (make) honey.
  3. The first tram leaves (leave) at 4:50.
  4. The pool opens (open) at eight on weekdays.
  5. Penguins live (live) in cold places.
  6. A year has (have) twelve months.
  7. Our English lesson starts (start) at nine every Tuesday.
  8. Plants need (need) water and light.
Z češtiny do angličtinyFrom Czech into English · 10
  1. Brácha hraje na bicí. → My brother plays the drums.
  2. Nemáme doma televizi. → We don't have a TV at home.
  3. Moje teta vždycky nosí klobouk. → My aunt always wears a hat.
  4. Nerozumím tomuhle receptu. → I don't understand this recipe.
  5. Kino otevírá v pět. → The cinema opens at five.
  6. Petr nikdy nesnídá. → Petr never has breakfast.
  7. Nejsem unavený. → I'm not tired.
  8. Můj děda neumí anglicky. → My grandpa can't speak English.
  9. V zimě tu často sněží. → It often snows here in winter.
  10. Děti chodí spát v osm. → The children go to bed at eight.
Správně, nebo špatně?Right or wrong? · 13
  1. My uncle work in a garage every weekend. → My uncle works in a garage every weekend.
  2. She don't like cold weather. → She doesn't like cold weather.
  3. My cousins drink a lot of milk. ✓
  4. I go always to bed late. → I always go to bed late.
  5. I am work from Monday to Friday. → I work from Monday to Friday.
  6. She is never at home on Saturdays. ✓
  7. I not understand the teacher. → I don't understand the teacher.
  8. He haves two cats. → He has two cats.
  9. Our neighbour doesn't speaks English. → Our neighbour doesn't speak English.
  10. Martin washes his car every Sunday. ✓
  11. My son can reads already. → My son can read already.
  12. The children goes to school by tram. → The children go to school by tram.
  13. I don't be late for work. → I'm not late for work.
Závěrečný testFinal test · 12
  1. My grandma bakes cakes every Sunday.
  2. These shoes are too small for me.
  3. Petra doesn't like chocolate. She says it's too sweet.
  4. I visit my grandparents twice a month.
  5. The library closes at seven in the evening.
  6. My friends don't play hockey.
  7. He never has breakfast.
  8. My little brother can count to ten.
  9. It is usually very hot here in July.
  10. Our cat loves fish.
  11. We are never late for work.
  12. My mum often listens to the radio in the kitchen.

Chceš víc? V aplikaci VocabMint si procvičíš gramatiku i vlastní slovíčka s opakováním v čase — na webu i v telefonu.Want more? Practise grammar and your own vocabulary with spaced repetition in the VocabMint app — on the web and on your phone.

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Present simple (přítomný čas prostý) — časté otázkyPresent simple — frequently asked questions

Jak se tvoří present simple?How do you form the present simple?

Present simple je jen sloveso v základním tvaru: I play, you play, we play, they play. Ve 3. osobě jednotného čísla (he, she, it) se přidá -s: she plays. Zápor má don't / doesn't a otázka do / does. Žádné am / is / are se před sloveso nepíše.

The present simple is just the base verb: I play, you play, we play, they play. With he, she, it you add -s: she plays. The negative uses don't / doesn't and questions use do / does. There is no am / is / are in front of the verb.

Kdy se používá present simple?When do you use the present simple?

Pro zvyky a to, co děláš pravidelně (I swim on Thursdays), pro věci, které platí pořád (Cows eat grass), a pro jízdní řády a rozvrhy (The bus leaves at 8:15). Pro to, co se děje právě teď, je present continuous (I'm swimming now).

For habits and routines (I swim on Thursdays), for things that are always true (Cows eat grass), and for timetables and schedules (The bus leaves at 8:15). For what is happening right now, use the present continuous (I'm swimming now).

Kdy se přidává -s a kdy -es?When do you add -s and when -es?

Ve 3. osobě jednotného čísla má sloveso -s (works, reads). Po -ch, -sh, -s, -x a -o se píše -es: teaches, pushes, kisses, mixes, goes. Souhláska + y se mění na -ies: carry → carries, ale samohláska + y dostane jen -s: buy → buys. U I, you, we, they a v množném čísle -s není.

In the third person singular the verb takes -s (works, reads). After -ch, -sh, -s, -x and -o you write -es: teaches, pushes, kisses, mixes, goes. Consonant + y changes to -ies: carry → carries, but vowel + y just takes -s: buy → buys. With I, you, we, they and plural nouns there is no -s.

Jak se tvoří zápor v present simple?How do you make the present simple negative?

don't / doesn't + sloveso v základním tvaru: I don't smoke. She doesn't smoke. Po doesn't už sloveso -s nemá — ne she doesn't smokes. Dlouhé tvary jsou do not, does not. Sloveso be a can mají zápor vlastní: I'm not, he can't.

don't / doesn't + the base verb: I don't smoke. She doesn't smoke. After doesn't the verb has no -s — not she doesn't smokes. The long forms are do not, does not. The verbs be and can make their own negative: I'm not, he can't.

Proč se neříká I don't be nebo I not understand?Why can't you say I don't be or I not understand?

Sloveso be má zápor vlastní: I'm not, she isn't, they aren't. Stejně can → can't. Všechna ostatní slovesa potřebují don't / doesn't, samotné not nestačí: I don't understand, ne I not understand.

The verb be has its own negative: I'm not, she isn't, they aren't. The same goes for can → can't. All other verbs need don't / doesn't; not alone is not enough: I don't understand, not I not understand.

Jaká jsou signální slova present simple?What are the present simple signal words?

Časové výrazy, které říkají, jak často se něco děje: always, usually, often, sometimes, never a every day, every week, on Mondays, once a week, at the weekend. Always … never stojí před hlavním slovesem, ale za am / is / are; every day, on Mondays patří na konec věty.

Time expressions that say how often something happens: always, usually, often, sometimes, never and every day, every week, on Mondays, once a week, at the weekend. Always … never go before the main verb but after am / is / are; every day, on Mondays go at the end of the sentence.

Jaký je rozdíl mezi present simple a present continuous?What is the difference between the present simple and the present continuous?

Present simple (I cook) je pro zvyky a to, co platí pořád. Present continuous (I'm cooking) je pro to, co se děje právě teď nebo jen na chvíli. Česky je obojí „vařím“. Podrobně a s cvičeními na stránce present simple vs present continuous.

The present simple (I cook) is for habits and things that are always true. The present continuous (I'm cooking) is for what is happening right now or just for a while. More detail and exercises on the present simple vs present continuous page.

Proč se říká he has, a ne he haves?Why do you say he has, not he haves?

Sloveso have je ve 3. osobě nepravidelné: I have, you have, he / she / it has. Tvar haves neexistuje. V záporu se vrací základní tvar: he doesn't have.

The verb have is irregular in the third person: I have, you have, he / she / it has. The form haves doesn't exist. In the negative the base form comes back: he doesn't have.

Má se po can přidávat -s?Do you add -s after can?

Ne. Po can je sloveso vždy v základním tvaru, i u he / she / it: She can drive, ne she can drives. Ani samo can -s nemá: ne she cans.

No. After can the verb is always in the base form, even with he / she / it: She can drive, not she can drives. And can itself has no -s: not she cans.

Jak se v present simple ptát?How do you ask questions in the present simple?

Otázka potřebuje do / does před podmětem a sloveso bez -s: Do you smoke? Does she smoke? Pořadí slov, tázací slova a krátké odpovědi jsou na stránce otázky v present simple.

A question needs do / does before the subject and the verb without -s: Do you smoke? Does she smoke? Word order, question words and short answers are on the present simple questions page.

Další lekce angličtinyMore English lessons

Všechny lekce gramatiky najdeš v přehledu angličtina — lekce a cvičení.

All grammar lessons are in the English lessons and exercises overview.

Otázky v present simplePresent simple questions

Do, nebo does, slovosled a krátké odpovědi.Do or does, word order and short answers.

Does she work here?OtevřítOpen →

Present simple × present continuous

Zvyk, nebo právě teď? I work, nebo I'm working?A habit or right now? I work or I'm working?

I'm working now.OtevřítOpen →

Sloveso to beThe verb to be

Am, is, are — zápory a otázky bez do.Am, is, are — negatives and questions without do.

She isn't at home.OtevřítOpen →

Další lekce angličtiny

Všechny lekce angličtiny →
Minulé časy

Was / were

I was cold. Were you there?

Minulý čas slovesa být: was × were, wasn't, otázky a „měl jsem hlad“ = I was hungry.

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Přítomný čas

Otázky v present simple

Does she work here?

Do, nebo does, slovosled, tázací slova a krátké odpovědi: Yes, I do.

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Minulé časyNové

Past simple

I worked. She didn't go. Did you see it?

Minulý čas prostý: -ed, nepravidelná slovesa, didn't, did a two days ago.

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