LekceLessons › AngličtinaEnglish › Past simple
Past simple: minulý čas prostý v angličtiněThe past simple
Past simple je nejčastější minulý čas v angličtině: I worked, she went, we didn't know, Did you see it? Češi v něm dělají pořád stejné chyby: I didn't went, Did you saw?, She buyed, before two days. Tady je tvoření (-ed i nepravidelná slovesa), zápor s didn't, otázky, časové údaje, rozdíl oproti present perfect — a 170 cvičení na klepnutí, bez psaní.
The past simple is the most common past tense in English: I worked, she went, we didn't know, Did you see it? Learners keep making the same mistakes: I didn't went, Did you saw?, She buyed, before two days. Here is how to form it (-ed and irregular verbs), the negative with didn't, questions, time phrases, the difference from the present perfect — and 160 tap-to-answer exercises.
Minulý čas v angličtině (past simple) — tabulka tvarůThe past simple — table of forms
Celý minulý čas prostý na jednom místě. Tvar je pro všechny osoby stejný — žádné -s jako v přítomném čase.
The whole past simple in one place. The form is the same for every person — no -s as in the present.
| kladná větapositive | zápornegative | otázkaquestion | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pravidelnéregular | I worked | I didn't work | Did you work? |
| nepravidelnéirregular | she went | she didn't go | Did she go? |
| sloveso býtthe verb be | we were | we weren’t | Were we…? |
Minulý čas slovesa být (was, were) má vlastní stránku was / were.
The past of be (was, were) has its own page: was / were.
Kdy se používá past simple?When do you use the past simple?
Past simple je základní minulý čas. Použiješ ho, kdykoli mluvíš o něčem, co se stalo a skončilo v minulosti — a obvykle víš nebo řekneš kdy. Česky by to byl minulý čas s -l (pracoval, šel, viděla).
The past simple is the basic past tense. Use it for anything that happened and finished in the past — usually when you know or say when.
| použitíuse | příkladexample |
|---|---|
| hotový děj, víš kdya finished action, you know when | I met Tom at the station yesterday. |
| řada dějů za seboua sequence of actions | She opened the door, turned on the light and sat down. |
| zvyk v minulostia past habit | As a child, I walked to school every day. |
| stav, který už neplatía state that is over | My grandparents lived in a village for forty years. |
| vyprávění, příběhtelling a story | Once upon a time, a king lived in a big castle. |
Když není důležité kdy, ale výsledek teď (I've lost my keys), je to present perfect. Když děj v minulosti probíhal (I was cooking), je to past continuous. Oba rozdíly najdeš níž.
If the result now matters more than when (I've lost my keys), use the present perfect. For an action in progress (I was cooking), use the past continuous. Both are below.
Signální slova minulého času: yesterday, last, agoPast simple time words: yesterday, last, ago
Tyhle výrazy skoro vždycky znamenají past simple. Pozor na pořadí: two days ago (ago stojí za časem) a last week (bez the).
These words almost always mean the past simple. Watch the order: two days ago (ago after the time) and last week (no the).
| anglickyEnglish | česky |
|---|---|
| yesterday | včera |
| yesterday morning | včera ráno |
| the day before yesterday | předevčírem |
| last night | včera večer, v noci |
| last week / month / year | minulý týden / měsíc / rok |
| two days ago | před dvěma dny |
| in 2010 | v roce 2010 |
| on Monday | v pondělí |
| when I was a child | když jsem byl malý |
| then, after that | pak, potom |
Pravidelná slovesa: koncovka -ed a pravopisRegular verbs: the -ed ending and spelling
Česky poznáš minulost podle -l (pracoval), anglicky podle -ed (worked). Nepřidává se was: I was work je chyba, správně I worked.
Regular verbs add -ed. Don't add was: I was work is wrong; it's I worked.
| slovesoverb | pravidlorule | příkladyexamples |
|---|---|---|
| většina slovesmost verbs | + -ed | work → worked, play → played |
| končí na -eends in -e | + -d | live → lived, smile → smiled |
| souhláska + yconsonant + y | y → -ied | study → studied, carry → carried |
| samohláska + yvowel + y | + -ed | stay → stayed, enjoy → enjoyed |
| krátké, souhl.–samohl.–souhl.short, cons.–vowel–cons. | zdvojit + -eddouble + -ed | stop → stopped, plan → planned |
Výslovnost -ed: /t/, /d/, /ɪd/Pronouncing -ed: /t/, /d/, /ɪd/
| zvuksound | kdywhen | příkladyexamples |
|---|---|---|
| /t/ | po p, k, s, sh, ch, fafter p, k, s, sh, ch, f | workedhelpedwashed |
| /d/ | po znělých hláskách a samohláskáchafter voiced sounds and vowels | playedlivedcleaned |
| /ɪd/ | po t a d — přibude slabikaafter t and d — an extra syllable | wantedneededvisited |
Nepravidelná slovesa v minulém čase: went, had, sawIrregular verbs in the past: went, had, saw
Nejčastější slovesa jsou nepravidelná — minulý tvar se musíš naučit. Nikdy k němu nepřidávej -ed (goed, buyed) a nepleť si ho s třetím tvarem (I seen, she gone). Dvacet nejčastějších:
The most common verbs are irregular — learn their past forms. Never add -ed (goed, buyed) and don't use the third form (I seen, she gone). The twenty most common:
| slovesoverb | past simple | česky |
|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | být |
| have | had | mít |
| do | did | dělat |
| go | went | jít, jet |
| get | got | dostat |
| make | made | udělat, vyrobit |
| see | saw | vidět |
| come | came | přijít |
| take | took | vzít |
| know | knew | vědět, znát |
| say | said | říct |
| give | gave | dát |
| buy | bought | koupit |
| eat | ate | jíst |
| drink | drank | pít |
| write | wrote | psát |
| think | thought | myslet |
| find | found | najít |
| leave | left | odejít, nechat |
| meet | met | potkat |
Všechna nepravidelná slovesa s výslovností a cvičeními najdeš na stránce nepravidelná slovesa.
All irregular verbs with pronunciation and exercises are on the irregular verbs page.
Zápor v past simple: didn't + základní tvarThe negative: didn't + base form
Česky stačí ne- (nešel jsem), anglicky didn't + základní tvar. Minulost nese didn't, takže sloveso zůstane bez -ed: she cooked → she didn't cook. Sloveso být si zápor dělá samo: wasn't, weren't.
Use didn't + base form. didn't carries the past, so the verb loses its -ed: she cooked → she didn't cook. The verb be makes its own negative: wasn't, weren't.
| správněcorrect | chybamistake | |
|---|---|---|
| ostatní slovesaother verbs | I didn't work | |
| sloveso býtthe verb be | it wasn’t cold |
Otázky v past simple: Did you…? a krátké odpovědiQuestions: Did you…? and short answers
Česky pozná otázku jen hlas (Šel jsi tam?), anglicky potřebuje did: Did you cook? Tázací slovo jde před did: Where did you work? Po did je základní tvar — ne Did you cooked?
A question needs did: Did you cook? A question word goes before did: Where did you work? After did use the base form — not Did you cooked?
| otázkaquestion | krátká odpověďshort answer | |
|---|---|---|
| ano / neyes / no | Did you call him? | Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. |
| s tázacím slovemwith a question word | Where did you work? | — |
| sloveso býtthe verb be | Was it good? | Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. |
Všechno dohromady: pravidelná i nepravidelná slovesa, zápor a otázkyAll together: regular and irregular verbs, negatives and questions
V záporu a otázce je jedno, jestli je sloveso pravidelné, nebo nepravidelné: vždycky didn't / Did + základní tvar (didn't work, didn't go, Did you see?). Rozdíl je jen v kladné větě: worked, ale went.
In negatives and questions it doesn't matter whether a verb is regular or irregular: always didn't / Did + base form (didn't work, didn't go, Did you see?). The difference is only in positive sentences: worked, but went.
| pravidelnéregular | nepravidelnéirregular | |
|---|---|---|
| kladná větapositive | I worked | I went |
| zápornegative | I didn't work | I didn't go |
| otázkaquestion | Did you work? | Did you go? |
Past simple v příběhu: krátký text s minulým časemThe past simple in a short story
Takhle vypadá past simple v souvislém textu. Slovesa v minulosti jsou zvýrazněná.
This is the past simple in a real text. The past verbs are in bold.
Last Saturday, Anna woke up late. She looked at the clock and jumped out of bed. She didn't have time for breakfast, so she took an apple and ran to the bus stop. The bus was late too! When she arrived at the office, her boss smiled. “Did you forget?” he asked. “It's Saturday!” Anna laughed and went home.
Pravidelná (-ed): looked, jumped, arrived, smiled, asked, laughed. Nepravidelná: woke, took, ran, went. Být: was. Zápor a otázka: didn't have, Did you forget?
Regular (-ed): looked, jumped, arrived, smiled, asked, laughed. Irregular: woke, took, ran, went. Be: was. Negative and question: didn't have, Did you forget?
Who called? Otázky na podmět bez didWho called? Subject questions without did A2
Když se ptáš, kdo nebo co něco udělal, did se nepoužívá: Who called? What happened? Když se ptáš na předmět (koho, co), did potřebuješ: Who did you call? Češi přidávají did všude: What did happen?
When you ask who or what did something, there is no did: Who called? What happened? When you ask about the object, you need did: Who did you call?
| who | what | |
|---|---|---|
| kdo to udělal (podmět)who did it (subject) | Who called? | What happened? |
| koho, co (předmět)who / what to (object) | Who did you call? | What did you buy? |
Časové údaje: ago, last, before, in, on, forTime phrases: ago, last, before, in, on, for
Čeština říká „před“ pro obojí — před dvěma dny i před obědem. Angličtina rozlišuje: two days ago (od teď, ago stojí ZA časem) a before lunch (před něčím). „Minulý týden“ je last week — bez the a bez in.
two days ago counts back from now (ago comes after the time); before lunch means before something. last week has no the and no in.
| kdywhen | příkladyexamples | |
|---|---|---|
| ago | před (od teď)back from now | two days ago, a year ago |
| before | před něčímbefore something | before lunch, before I left |
| last | minulýthe previous | last night, last week, last summer |
| in | rok, měsícyear, month | in 2015, in March |
| on | den, datumday, date | on Monday, on 3 May |
| for | jak dlouhohow long | for two hours, for ten years |
Past simple, nebo present perfect?Past simple or present perfect? A2
Čeština má jeden minulý čas (viděl jsem), angličtina dva. Rozhoduje, jestli víš kdy: s yesterday, ago, last, in 2019, When…? vždy past simple. Bez času, když je důležité teď (ever, never, just, already, so far), present perfect. Víc na stránce present perfect.
If you know when (yesterday, ago, last, in 2019, When…?) — past simple. No time, important now (ever, never, just, already, so far) — present perfect. More on the present perfect page.
| častense | příkladexample | |
|---|---|---|
| víš kdyyou know when | past simple | I saw it yesterday. When did you arrive? |
| bez času, důležité teďno time, matters now | present perfect | I've seen it. Have you ever been to Rome? |
A co I was cooking? To je průběhový čas — viz past simple, nebo past continuous?
And I was cooking? That's the past continuous — see past simple or past continuous?
Past simple v překladu: z češtiny do angličtiny
Česká slovesa na -l přeložíš jedním slovem: šel jsem = I went, žádné was navíc. Pak se zeptej: je to zápor (didn't), otázka (did), nebo časový údaj (ago, last)?
| česky | anglicky |
|---|---|
| Šel jsem domů. | I went home. |
| Nevolala. | She didn't call. |
| Viděl jsi to? | Did you see it? |
| Před dvěma dny. | Two days ago. |
| Minulý týden. | Last week. |
Chyby, které dělají Češi v past simpleCommon mistakes in the past simple
I didn't went.→ I didn't go.Did you saw it?→ Did you see it?
I was work yesterday.→ I worked yesterday.She wasn't come.→ She didn't come.
He buyed a car.→ He bought a car.I seen her.→ I saw her.
Where you went?→ Where did you go?What did happen?→ What happened?
before two days→ two days agoin the last week→ last week
I have seen him yesterday.→ I saw him yesterday.When have you arrived?→ When did you arrive?
Past simple cvičení a testPast simple exercises and test
Past simple — cvičení s řešením (pracovní list)Past simple — answer key
Klíč ke všem 170 úlohám na stránce. Když chceš cvičit, řešení si otevři až potom.
Answers to all 160 exercises on this page. If you want to practise, open them only afterwards.
Poslech: přibude slabika?Listen: is there an extra syllable? · 8
- wanted → /ɪd/ +1
- walked → /t/ · /d/
- needed → /ɪd/ +1
- played → /t/ · /d/
- started → /ɪd/ +1
- cooked → /t/ · /d/
- decided → /ɪd/ +1
- closed → /t/ · /d/
Minulost, nebo přítomnost?Past or present? · 8
- My parents work in a hospital. → present · přítomnost
- My parents worked in a hospital. → past · minulost
- The library closes at six. → present · přítomnost
- The library closed at eight. → past · minulost
- I play the guitar. → present · přítomnost
- Tom played the drums. → past · minulost
- They live near the station. → present · přítomnost
- They lived near the river. → past · minulost
Pravopis: jak se přidá -ed?Spelling: how do you add -ed? · 12
- + -ed / -d — hope, cook, smile, stay, phone
- y → -ied — marry, hurry, copy, tidy
- double + -ed — jog, hug, skip
Pravidelná slovesa v minulostiRegular verbs in the past · 10
- Last month my cousin visited us from Canada.
- The concert finished an hour late last night.
- When I was little, I loved dinosaurs.
- In 2018 my parents adopted a dog from a shelter.
- We prepared for the exam all weekend.
- She helped me with my CV yesterday.
- Somebody knocked at the door at midnight.
- I phoned my grandma on Sunday.
- They painted the living room last weekend.
- Our teacher checked the tests two days ago.
Nepravidelná slovesa: went, had, saw…Irregular verbs: went, had, saw… · 12
- We had a lovely time at the wedding.
- My little brother broke his arm last winter.
- She wore a beautiful dress to the party.
- The kids made a snowman in the garden.
- Dad drove us to the airport.
- I met an old friend at the market.
- We drank all the lemonade.
- Mum gave me a new phone for my birthday.
- He caught the 7:15 bus to work.
- The phone rang in the middle of the lesson.
- My aunt wrote a letter to the mayor.
- Our team won the final!
Zápor: didn't, nebo wasn't?Negative: didn't or wasn't? · 10
- I didn't check the weather forecast, so I got wet.
- The printer didn't work this morning.
- We didn't follow the instructions.
- She wasn't at the party.
- My parents didn't report the accident to the police.
- He didn't remember his brother's birthday.
- The hotel wasn't very clean.
- You didn't invite me to the party!
- We didn't order enough chairs for everyone.
- The kids weren't tired after the trip.
Slož otázkuBuild the question · 10
- Did you sleep on the train? Spal jsi ve vlaku?
- What did the doctor recommend? Co doporučil doktor?
- Where did you study English? Kde ses učil anglicky?
- Did your parents like the hotel? Líbil se tvým rodičům ten hotel?
- How did you get home? Jak ses dostal domů?
- When did she join the company? Kdy nastoupila do té firmy?
- Why did they cancel the trip? Proč zrušili výlet?
- What did you cook for the guests? Co jsi uvařil pro hosty?
- Did it snow in the mountains? Sněžilo na horách?
- Who did you travel with? S kým jsi cestoval?
Oprav otázku: You went? → Did you go?Fix the question: You went? → Did you go? · 6
- You went to Prague? → Did you go to Prague?
- She liked the film? → Did she like the film?
- Where you bought it? → Where did you buy it?
- They called you? → Did they call you?
- What you said? → What did you say?
- Your sister won? → Did your sister win?
Krátké odpovědi: Yes, I did. No, she didn't.Short answers: Yes, I did. No, she didn't. · 10
- Did you enjoy the film? — Yes, I did.
- Did Lucy pass her driving test? — No, she didn't.
- Did the kids behave? — Yes, they did.
- Were you at home last night? — No, I wasn't.
- Did it hurt? — No, it didn't.
- Did your grandparents come? — Yes, they did.
- Did I wake you up? — No, you didn't.
- Was the exam hard? — Yes, it was.
- Did you and Petra win? — Yes, we did.
- Did he say sorry? — No, he didn't.
Mix: pravidelná i nepravidelná, zápor i otázkyMix: regular and irregular, negatives and questions · 10
- In June we flew to Malta.
- I didn't take my keys, so I called my wife.
- Did you see the new Batman film?
- She missed the bus and walked to work.
- Where did you buy those boots?
- They took a lot of photos in Paris.
- He didn't do his homework last night.
- Did you send the email?
- We didn't cook dinner because we weren't hungry.
- Who made the cake? It was delicious!
Otázky k příběhuQuestions about the story · 8
- Did Anna wake up early? — No, she didn't.
- Did she have breakfast? — No, she didn't.
- What did she take? — She took an apple.
- Did the bus come on time? — No, it didn't.
- Where did she go? — She went to the office.
- Who smiled at Anna? — Her boss.
- Was it a working day? — No, it wasn't.
- What did Anna do at the end? — She laughed and went home.
Who called? Otázky bez didWho called? Questions without did · 10
- Who ate the last biscuit?
- Who did you meet at the airport?
- What happened to the old cinema?
- What did you visit in Paris?
- Who left the lights on?
- Who did you ask for help?
- Which bus went to the zoo?
- What made her so angry?
- Who did you tell about the party?
- How many people came to the meeting?
Ago, before, last, in, on, forAgo, before, last, in, on, for · 10
- My sister got married five years ago.
- I felt nervous before the job interview.
- We went skiing last winter.
- The shop opened in 1995.
- My son was born on 12 April.
- They lived in Ostrava for six years.
- I talked to him a few minutes ago.
- She finished university last year.
- We had a picnic on Saturday afternoon.
- I tidied my room before the guests arrived.
Past simple, nebo present perfect?Past simple or present perfect? · 10
- I left my wallet on the tram yesterday.
- We have had three different flats so far.
- Shakespeare died in 1616.
- When did you last see a doctor?
- I washed the dishes an hour ago.
- She has run three marathons in her life.
- We drove to Croatia in August.
- They have known each other since school.
- I have cleaned my room, so can I go out now?
- The Titanic sank in 1912.
Z češtiny do angličtinyFrom Czech into English · 10
- Loni jsme byli v Římě. → We were in Rome last year.
- Nepochopila to. → She didn't get it.
- Kdy jsi přišel domů? → When did you come home?
- Před měsícem jsem změnil práci. → I changed jobs a month ago.
- Kdo ti poslal ty květiny? → Who sent you the flowers?
- Minulý pátek jsme hráli karty. → We played cards last Friday.
- Slyšel jsi to? → Did you hear that?
- Bydleli jsme tam deset let. → We lived there for ten years.
- Nikdo nepřišel. → Nobody came.
- Zavřeli most kvůli opravě. → They closed the bridge for repairs.
Správně, nebo špatně?Right or wrong? · 14
My brother buyed a new laptop.→ My brother bought a new laptop.We didn't saw the sunrise.→ We didn't see the sunrise.Did you went to the gym?→ Did you go to the gym?She was arrive at nine.→ She arrived at nine.- I met Jana three weeks ago. ✓
What did happen at the meeting?→ What happened at the meeting?They moved to Plzeň before five years.→ They moved to Plzeň five years ago.- Who did you phone? ✓
I have seen her in the shop yesterday.→ I saw her in the shop yesterday.He tryed to call you.→ He tried to call you.- We stopped for lunch in a small village. ✓
Where you found that puppy?→ Where did you find that puppy?Did your sister like it? — Yes, she liked.→ Did your sister like it? — Yes, she did.- The plane landed on time. ✓
Závěrečný testFinal test · 12
- I got a parcel from my aunt yesterday.
- Did you watch the news last night?
- We didn't have any milk, so I went to the shop.
- Who left the window open?
- She started the job two weeks ago.
- My grandparents got married in 1965.
- When did your train leave?
- The children enjoyed the zoo very much.
- I'm sorry, I didn't see your message.
- It rained all day on Sunday.
- Did you call Martin? — No, I didn't.
- We moved here a year ago.
Chceš víc? V aplikaci VocabMint si procvičíš gramatiku i vlastní slovíčka s opakováním v čase — na webu i v telefonu.Want more? Practise grammar and your own vocabulary with spaced repetition in the VocabMint app — on the web and on your phone.
Aplikace VocabMintThe VocabMint appPast simple (minulý čas prostý) — časté otázkyPast simple — frequently asked questions
Jak se tvoří past simple?How do you form the past simple?
Pravidelná slovesa dostanou -ed: work → worked, play → played. Nepravidelná mají vlastní tvar: go → went, see → saw, buy → bought. Tvar je stejný pro všechny osoby: I worked, she worked, they worked.
Regular verbs add -ed: work → worked, play → played. Irregular verbs have their own form: go → went, see → saw, buy → bought. The form is the same for every person.
Kdy se používá past simple?When do you use the past simple?
Pro hotový děj v minulosti, u kterého víš nebo říkáš kdy: yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 2015, when I was a child. Také pro řadu dějů za sebou: I got up, had a shower and left.
For a finished action in the past when you know or say when: yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 2015. Also for a sequence of actions: I got up, had a shower and left.
Jak se tvoří zápor v past simple?How do you make the past simple negative?
didn't (did not) + základní tvar: I didn't go, she didn't buy. Minulost nese didn't, takže ne I didn't went. Výjimka je být: I wasn't, they weren't — bez didn't.
didn't (did not) + base form: I didn't go, she didn't buy. didn't carries the past, so not I didn't went. The exception is be: I wasn't, they weren't.
Jak se tvoří otázka v past simple?How do you ask questions in the past simple?
Did + podmět + základní tvar: Did you go? Did she call? S tázacím slovem: Where did you go? What did he say? Krátká odpověď: Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Did + subject + base form: Did you go? Did she call? With a question word: Where did you go? Short answer: Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Proč se v otázce Who called? nepoužívá did?Why is there no did in Who called?
Když se ptáš, kdo nebo co něco udělal (podmět), did se nepřidává: Who called? What happened? Když se ptáš na předmět (koho, co), did potřebuješ: Who did you call? What did you buy?
When you ask who or what did something (the subject), there is no did: Who called? What happened? When you ask about the object, you need did: Who did you call?
Jaký je rozdíl mezi ago a before?What is the difference between ago and before?
ago počítá zpátky od teď a stojí za časem: two days ago (před dvěma dny). before znamená před něčím jiným: before lunch, before I left. Ne before two days.
ago counts back from now and comes after the time: two days ago. before means before something else: before lunch. Not before two days.
Jaký je rozdíl mezi past simple a present perfect?What is the difference between the past simple and the present perfect?
Past simple použiješ, když víš nebo říkáš kdy: I saw it yesterday, When did you arrive? Present perfect je minulost bez času, důležitá teď: I've seen it, Have you ever been to Rome? S yesterday, ago, last a in 2019 nikdy present perfect.
Past simple when you know or say when: I saw it yesterday. Present perfect for the past without a time, important now: I've seen it. Never present perfect with yesterday, ago, last or in 2019.
Jaký je rozdíl mezi past simple a past continuous?What is the difference between the past simple and the past continuous?
Past simple je hotový děj (I cooked dinner), past continuous děj v průběhu (I was cooking when the phone rang). Víc na stránce past simple, nebo past continuous?
Past simple is a finished action (I cooked dinner), past continuous an action in progress (I was cooking when the phone rang). More on the past simple or past continuous? page.
Jak se vyslovuje koncovka -ed?How do you pronounce -ed?
Třemi způsoby: /t/ po neznělých hláskách (worked, watched), /d/ po znělých (played, lived) a /ɪd/ po t a d (wanted, needed). Jen v posledním případě přibude slabika.
Three ways: /t/ after voiceless sounds (worked), /d/ after voiced sounds (played) and /ɪd/ after t and d (wanted, needed). Only the last one adds a syllable.
Kolik je nepravidelných sloves a která se naučit první?Which irregular verbs should I learn first?
Běžně se používá asi 150 nepravidelných sloves, ale v každodenní řeči stačí prvních 20–30: be, have, do, go, get, make, see, come, take, know, say, give, buy, eat… Celý seznam s výslovností je na stránce nepravidelná slovesa.
About 150 are in common use, but 20–30 cover everyday speech: be, have, do, go, get, make, see, come, take, know, say, give, buy, eat… The full list is on the irregular verbs page.
Jaký je minulý čas od go, have a be?What is the past of go, have and be?
go → went, have → had, be → was / were. Ne goed, ne haved. V záporu a otázce se vrací základní tvar: I didn't go, Did you have…? Jen be je bez did: I wasn't, Were you…?
go → went, have → had, be → was / were. Not goed or haved. Negatives and questions use the base form: I didn't go, Did you have…? Only be has no did: I wasn't, Were you…?
Past simple, nebo used to?Past simple or used to?
Obojí může popsat zvyk v minulosti: As a child I walked / I used to walk to school. Used to navíc zdůrazní, že už to neplatí. Pro jednu konkrétní událost jde jen past simple: Yesterday I walked to school (ne used to walk).
Both can describe a past habit: As a child I walked / I used to walk to school. Used to stresses that it's no longer true. For one specific event only the past simple works: Yesterday I walked to school.
Jak poznám pravidelné a nepravidelné sloveso?How do I know if a verb is regular or irregular?
Podle tvaru to poznat nejde — nepravidelná slovesa se musíš naučit. Je jich ale málo a jsou to ta nejčastější (go, have, see, take…). Ve slovníku u nich najdeš tři tvary: go – went – gone. Všechna ostatní slovesa mají -ed.
You can't tell from its shape — irregular verbs have to be learned. There are few of them and they are the most common ones (go, have, see, take…). Dictionaries list their three forms: go – went – gone. All other verbs take -ed.
Další lekce angličtinyMore English lessons
Všechny lekce gramatiky najdeš v přehledu angličtina — lekce a cvičení.
All grammar lessons are in the English lessons and exercises overview.
Was / were
Minulý čas slovesa být.The past of the verb be.
I was tired.OtevřítOpen →Nepravidelná slovesaIrregular verbs
Went, had, saw… všechny tvary s výslovností.Went, had, saw… all forms with pronunciation.
go · went · goneOtevřítOpen →Past simple × past continuous
I cooked, nebo I was cooking?I cooked or I was cooking?
I was cooking when…OtevřítOpen →Další lekce angličtiny
Všechny lekce angličtiny →Was / were
I was cold. Were you there?
Minulý čas slovesa být: was × were, wasn't, otázky a „měl jsem hlad“ = I was hungry.
- Výklad česky
- 120 cvičení s kontrolou
- Listy k tisku
- Plán hodiny
Present simple
She works. He doesn't work.
Tvary, -s a -es, don't / doesn't, always a never — a 127 cvičení.
- Výklad česky
- 127 cvičení s kontrolou
- Listy k tisku
- Plán hodiny
Present simple × present continuous
I work every day, but today I'm working from home.
Obvykle, nebo teď? Trvale, nebo jen na chvíli? A proč ne I'm knowing.
- Výklad česky
- 107 cvičení s kontrolou
- Listy k tisku
- Plán hodiny