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Předložky in, on, at: místo a čas v angličtině

Čeština má pro všechno jedno v: v Praze, v pondělí, v práci. Angličtina musí vybírat: in Prague, on Monday, at work. Tady je pravidlo pro místo i čas, pasti, do kterých Češi padají nejčastěji, a 115 cvičení s okamžitou kontrolou.

Czech has one word for all of them — v: v Praze, v pondělí, v práci. English has to choose: in Prague, on Monday, at work. Here is the rule for place and time, the traps Czech speakers fall into most, and 115 self-checking exercises.

A2115 cvičení s kontrolouVýklad česky i anglickyZdarma
Výklad:Explanation:
Věty ke cvičení jsou vždy anglicky.Practice sentences are always in English.

In, on, at: přehled pro místo i časIn, on, at: place and time at a glance

Jedna myšlenka na každé slovo: in je uvnitř nebo dlouhé období, on je plocha nebo den, at je bod — místo nebo přesný čas.

One idea per word: in is inside or a long period, on is a surface or a day, at is a point — a place or an exact time.

in

uvnitř něčeho · delší obdobíinside something · a long period

MístoPlace

  • in Spain, Prague
  • in the kitchen, my bedroom
  • in a museum, a hotel
  • in the park, the garden
  • in the car, a taxi

ČasTime

  • in summer, winter
  • in July
  • in 2019
  • in the morning / afternoon / evening

ale at nightbut at night

on

plocha · doprava, do které nastupuješ · den, datuma surface · transport you get on · a day, a date

MístoPlace

  • on the table, the floor, the wall
  • on the balcony, the roof
  • on the bus, the train, a plane
  • on a ship, my bike

ČasTime

  • on Tuesday
  • on Friday morning
  • on 5 May
  • on Christmas Day, my birthday

ale in the car, in a taxibut in the car, in a taxi

at

bod · místo, kam jdeš za účelem · přesný časa point · a place you go to for a reason · a clock time

MístoPlace

  • at home, school, work
  • at university
  • at the station, the airport
  • at a bus stop, the door
  • at a party

ČasTime

  • at six o'clock, half past seven
  • at midnight, lunchtime
  • at night
  • at the weekend
  • at Christmas, Easter

at the weekend (britsky) · on the weekend (americky)at the weekend (UK) · on the weekend (US)

Čas: od velkého k malémuTime: from big to small

in 2019→in July→on Friday→on 5 July→at six o'clock

Čím kratší úsek, tím „užší“ předložka: rok a měsíc in, den a datum on, hodina at.

The shorter the time, the “narrower” the word: years and months in, days and dates on, clock times at.

Česky „v“, anglicky tři slovaCzech “v”, three English words

Většina chyb vzniká překladem. Česká předložka ti neřekne, kterou anglickou použít — řiď se tím, co za ní stojí.

Most mistakes come from translating. The Czech word won't tell you which English one to use — look at what follows it.

českyCzechanglickyEnglish
v Praze · v létě · v roce 2019 · v autěin Prague · in summer · in 2019 · in the car
v pondělí · v autobuse · ve vlaku · v letadleon Monday · on the bus · on the train · on a plane
v šest hodin · v práci · ve škole · v nociat six o’clock · at work · at school · at night
na nádraží · na letišti · na zastávce · na večírkuat the station · at the airport · at the bus stop · at a party
o víkendu · o Vánocích · o Velikonocíchat the weekend · at Christmas · at Easter
na stole · na zdi · na balkoněon the table · on the wall · on the balcony

Předložky místa: in, on, at — cvičeníPrepositions of place: in, on, at — exercises

Budovy: in znamená fyzicky uvnitř (There's a café in the museum.), at místo, kde něco děláš (She's at school. We're at the airport.).

Buildings: in means physically inside (There's a café in the museum.), at the place where you do the thing (She's at school. We're at the airport.).

On the bus, nebo in the bus? DopravaOn the bus or in the bus? Transport

on — get on

autobus, vlak, tramvaj, metro, letadlo, loď, kolo, motorka: on the bus, on a plane, on my bikebus, train, tram, underground, plane, ship, bike, motorbike: on the bus, on a plane, on my bike

in — get in

auto a taxi, kam se musíš sehnout: in the car, in a taxicars and taxis you bend down to get into: in the car, in a taxi

Předložky času: in, on, at — cvičeníPrepositions of time: in, on, at — exercises

den + část dneday + part of the day

je on: on Friday morning, on Sunday evening — ne in Friday morning.takes on: on Friday morning, on Sunday evening — not in Friday morning.

měsíc × datummonth × date

Samotný měsíc in (in May), s číslem dne on (on 5 May).A month alone takes in (in May), with a date on (on 5 May).

Next week, every day, tomorrow: kdy předložka neníNext week, every day, tomorrow: no preposition

Před this, next, last, every, tomorrow, yesterday se předložka nepíše: next Monday, ne on next Monday; last year, ne in last year.

No preposition before this, next, last, every, tomorrow, yesterday: next Monday, not on next Monday; last year, not in last year.

At Christmas, nebo on Christmas Day? SvátkyAt Christmas or on Christmas Day? Holidays

at — celé svátkythe whole holiday

at Christmas, at Easter — o Vánocích, o Velikonocíchthe holiday period

on — jeden denone day

on Christmas Eve, on Christmas Day, on New Year's Day, on Easter Monday

Nejčastější chyby Čechů s in, on, atTypical Czech mistakes with in, on, at

„na“ není vždy on“na” is not always on
  • on the station → at the station
  • on the airport → at the airport
DopravaTransport
  • in the bus → on the bus
  • in the train → on the train
Dny a víkendDays and the weekend
  • at Monday → on Monday
  • in the weekend → at the weekend
Roční obdobíSeasons
  • at winter → in winter
  • on next week → next week

Doplň zprávu z dovolené: in, on, at v textuComplete the holiday message: in, on, at in context

Odpověz na otázku: doplň in, on, nebo atAnswer the question: in, on or at

Běžné otázky o tobě a krátké odpovědi. Předložka v odpovědi rozhoduje, jestli zní anglicky.

Everyday questions about you and short answers. The preposition decides whether the answer sounds English.

Závěrečný test: in, on, atFinal test: in, on, at

Všechna cvičení s řešením

Klíč ke všem 115 úlohám na stránce. Když chceš cvičit, řešení si otevři až potom.

Které slovo? · 12
  1. We live in Spain.
  2. I left your glasses on the table.
  3. The children are at school until three.
  4. There is a big mirror in the bathroom.
  5. I'm at the door. Can you open it?
  6. I read a whole book on the train.
  7. There are lots of trees in the park.
  8. Look! There's a bird on the roof.
  9. My sister studies at university in Leeds.
  10. It's raining. Let's wait in the car.
  11. We met at a party last year.
  12. There's a poster on the wall.
Roztřiď místa · 12
  1. in — Prague, the garden, my car, the kitchen
  2. on — a ship, my bike, the balcony, the floor
  3. at — school, the airport, a bus stop, the door
Autobus, nebo auto? · 10
  1. There was no seat, so I stood all the way on the tram.
  2. Don't eat in my car, please. I've just cleaned it.
  3. We spent eleven hours on the plane to Bangkok.
  4. The driver was talking on the phone the whole time we were in the taxi.
  5. You can't use your phone on the underground here. There's no signal.
  6. Three of us slept in the back of the car.
  7. My dad goes to work on his motorbike.
  8. There's free coffee on this train.
  9. She put the shopping in the boot of her car.
  10. Hundreds of people were dancing on the ship.
Které slovo? · 12
  1. My birthday is in May.
  2. The film starts at eight o'clock.
  3. Let's meet on Tuesday.
  4. We usually go skiing in winter.
  5. My neighbour's dog barks at night.
  6. My grandfather bought this house in 1968.
  7. The party is on 14th February.
  8. I always have a shower in the morning.
  9. What are you doing at the weekend?
  10. Our exam is on Friday afternoon.
  11. The lesson finishes at half past five.
  12. What did you do on Saturday night?
Roztřiď časy · 12
  1. in — 2019, July, winter, the evening
  2. on — Tuesday, 5 May, New Year's Day, Friday morning
  3. at — six o'clock, night, Easter, half past seven
Předložka, nebo nic? · 10
  1. I'm starting my new job – next Monday.
  2. I'm starting my new job on Monday.
  3. We moved to Brno – last year.
  4. We moved to Brno in 2021.
  5. He calls his mum – every evening.
  6. He calls his mum in the evening.
  7. What are you doing – this weekend?
  8. Can you come – tomorrow morning?
  9. I saw her – yesterday afternoon.
  10. The course starts in September.
On, nebo at? · 6
  1. We always go skiing at Christmas.
  2. We open our presents on Christmas Eve.
  3. Where were you on New Year's Eve?
  4. My grandparents visit us at Easter.
  5. Are you going away at Christmas?
  6. It's my sister's birthday on New Year's Day!
Správně, nebo špatně? · 11
  1. Sorry, I can't talk. I'm at work. ✓
  2. I'm waiting on the station. → I'm waiting at the station.
  3. I'm still on the bus. I'll be there in ten minutes. ✓
  4. I saw Emma in the train this morning. → I saw Emma on the train this morning.
  5. We usually visit my grandparents in the weekend. → We usually visit my grandparents at the weekend.
  6. The whole family comes to our house at Christmas. ✓
  7. I'll see you at Monday. → I'll see you on Monday.
  8. Our school opened in 1995. ✓
  9. We always go skiing at winter. → We always go skiing in winter.
  10. There were hundreds of people on the airport. → There were hundreds of people at the airport.
  11. The party is on Christmas Eve. ✓
Zpráva z Edinburghu · 3
  1. Hi Kate,
  2. Greetings from Edinburgh! We arrived at the airport on Friday evening, and a taxi took us to the hotel. It's in the city centre, so everything is close.
  3. On Saturday we had breakfast in the hotel garden. At lunchtime we sat on a bench in the park and ate sandwiches. It rained in the afternoon, so we stayed in our room and watched TV.
  4. The castle looks amazing at night! We fly home on Monday at six o'clock.
  5. See you soon,
    Ben
Odpověz na otázku · 12
  1. When is your birthday? — It's on 12 May.
  2. Where were you born? — in Ostrava.
  3. What time do you usually get up? — at half past six.
  4. Where do you usually have lunch? — at home, with my family.
  5. Where do you listen to music? — on the bus on my way to work.
  6. When do you usually go on holiday? — in August.
  7. What year did you start learning English? — in 2019.
  8. Where do you keep your phone at night? — on the table next to my bed.
  9. Where do you usually meet your friends? — at the bus stop by the school.
  10. What did you do on New Year's Eve? — I was at a party.
  11. What are you doing at the weekend? — I'm working on Saturday.
  12. When do you feel most tired? — on Monday mornings.
Závěrečný test · 15
  1. My parents live in a flat near the river.
  2. Can you pick me up at the station?
  3. The concert is on Saturday.
  4. I can't sleep at night when it's hot.
  5. There's a spelling mistake on page ten.
  6. Lots of tourists come here in the summer.
  7. Is Martin at home? His car is outside.
  8. I got this watch on my eighteenth birthday.
  9. She's been a teacher at this school for twenty years.
  10. There's a lovely old church in the village.
  11. The meeting starts at quarter past ten.
  12. Somebody left a coat on the chair.
  13. People say the city looks best in the autumn.
  14. The shop is closed on Easter Monday.
  15. Let's have a drink at the bar before dinner.

Chceš víc? V aplikaci VocabMint najdeš další cvičení na in, on, at a procvičíš si i vlastní slovíčka s opakováním v čase — na webu i v telefonu.

Aplikace VocabMint

In, on, at — časté otázky

Jaký je rozdíl mezi in, on a at?

in = uvnitř něčeho nebo delší období (in Prague, in the car, in July, in 2019). on = plocha, dopravní prostředek, do kterého nastupuješ, den nebo datum (on the table, on the bus, on Monday, on 5 May). at = bod: místo, kam jdeš za nějakým účelem, nebo přesný čas (at school, at the station, at six o'clock).

Kdy se u času používá in, on a at?

Od velkého k malému: in pro roky, měsíce, roční období a části dne (in 2019, in May, in winter, in the morning), on pro dny a data (on Tuesday, on 14th February), at pro přesný čas (at half past seven) a k tomu at night a at the weekend.

Říká se in the bus, nebo on the bus?

On the bus. Do autobusu, vlaku, letadla, na loď a na kolo nastupuješ (get on), proto on. Jen auto a taxi jsou in (get in the car).

Proč se říká at night, ale in the morning?

Je to ustálená výjimka: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, ale at night. Když je u části dne konkrétní den, je to on: on Friday morning.

At the weekend, nebo on the weekend?

Obojí je správně. At the weekend je britská angličtina, on the weekend americká. Na této stránce držíme britskou variantu, cvičení ale přijme obě.

At Christmas, nebo on Christmas?

At Christmas = o Vánocích, celé svátky. Jeden konkrétní den má on: on Christmas Eve, on Christmas Day, on New Year's Day. Stejně at Easter, ale on Easter Monday.

In school, nebo at school?

Když myslíš „ve škole“ jako místo, kde se učíš, je to at school (stejně at work, at home, at university). In znamená fyzicky uvnitř budovy: There's a café in the museum.

Kdy se před časem nedává žádná předložka?

Před this, next, last, every, tomorrow a yesterday: next Monday, last year, every day, this weekend, tomorrow morning. Chyba on next Monday je u Čechů častá.

Další lekce angličtiny

Otázky v present simple

Do, nebo does, slovosled a krátké odpovědi.

Does she work here?Otevřít →

Past simple × past continuous

Minulý čas: I cooked, nebo I was cooking?

I was cooking when…Otevřít →

Nepravidelná slovesa

Přehled a cvičení po úrovních.

go – went – goneOtevřít →

Další lekce angličtiny

Všechny lekce angličtiny →
Přítomný časNové

Otázky v present simple

Does she work here?

Do, nebo does, slovosled, tázací slova a krátké odpovědi: Yes, I do.

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Minulé časy

Past simple × past continuous

I was cooking when the phone rang.

Kdy který čas, when a while a chyby, které Češi dělají nejčastěji.

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Slovesa

Nepravidelná slovesa

go · went · gone

Základ a pak slovesa podle úrovní: tabulka, doplňování tvarů, poslech a slovesa ve větách.

  • Tabulka 195 sloves
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